preposition
by, via
B1
per: preposition meaning 'by' or 'via'. In modern German it normally governs the accusative (e.g., 'per E‑Mail'). Used like English 'by/via' for means or communication. Rarely declines; treat the following noun as accusative. Common in written German and in business or formal contexts.
Examples
Der Anwalt schickte die Dokumente per E-Mail, damit die Klienten sie rechtzeitig erhielten.
The lawyer sent the documents by e-mail so that the clients received them in time.
Ich habe dir die Datei per E-Mail geschickt.
I sent you the file by email.
Bitte senden Sie die Bewerbung per Post oder per E-Mail.
Please send the application by post or via email.
Details
Mnemonics
an envelope stamped 'per E-Mail' or a label 'sent via courier'
same as English 'per' — use as 'by' or 'via'
Notes
Often used in formal or written contexts (e.g., 'per E-Mail', 'per Post'). It typically takes the accusative when used with nouns.