verb
can, to be able to
A1
können is a modal verb meaning 'can' or 'to be able to'. It uses auxiliary haben in perfect forms (ich habe gekonnt). Irregular strong verb with stem vowel change (ö→a: ich kann, er kann). Non‑reflexive. Imperative limited (no du/Sie forms in modern usage; ihr: könnt!).
Examples
Ich habe das nicht gekonnt.
I couldn't do that.
Er konnte gut schwimmen.
He could swim well.
Ich kann heute nicht kommen.
I can't come today.
Details
Mnemonics
Imagine a person holding a key labeled 'KÖNNEN' that unlocks ability.
Think 'can' in English — similar meaning.
Notes
können is a modal verb and has irregular forms (ich kann). Modal verbs rarely have a standard informal singular (du) imperative; in practice speakers avoid or use full phrases (e.g., 'Kannst du...?'). Modal verbs do not form passive in the normal way; passive forms are not applicable.