pronoun
it
A1
Personal pronoun 'es' = 'it' (neuter third person). Used as dummy subject in impersonal constructions (Es regnet; es gibt), to refer to neuter nouns, or as placeholder in clauses (es ist wichtig). Not reflexive; context decides translation (eso/ello). No gender variation.
Examples
Es gab Probleme, weil die Maschine plötzlich ausfiel.
There were problems because the machine suddenly broke down.
Es regnet heute den ganzen Tag.
It's raining all day today.
Details
Mnemonics
imagine a neutral thing being pointed at with the label 'es'.
sounds like 's' as in 'so' — short and neutral like 'it'.