adverb
however, after all
A2
Doch is a modal adverb used to contradict a negative (meaning 'yes' or 'on the contrary'), to add emphasis or contradiction, and to mean 'however'/'after all' when linking clauses. It doesn't require prepositions or auxiliaries. Common in spoken German: e.g. 'Du kommst nicht?' — 'Doch!' or 'Er kam doch.'
VOCABULARY.DETAILS.EXAMPLES
Obwohl das Wetter schlecht gewesen war, kamen die Gäste doch zur Feier, weil sie den Gastgeber nicht enttäuschen wollten.
Although the weather had been bad, the guests did turn up for the celebration because they did not want to disappoint the host.
Ich wollte nicht gehen, doch dann habe ich es mir anders überlegt.
I didn't want to go at first, however I changed my mind.
Du hast es doch gewusst!
You knew it after all!
VOCABULARY.DETAILS.DETAILS_LABEL
VOCABULARY.DETAILS.MNEMONICS
picture two people arguing, and one taps the other and says 'doch' to insist — a mental pop of emphasis
sounds like 'dock' — imagine someone contradicting you at the dock: 'doch!'
VOCABULARY.DETAILS.NOTES
Short, very frequent modal/adverbial particle used for emphasis, contradiction or reassurance. Highly context-dependent.